5.4 Cash and cash equivalents
Accounting policies
Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand as well as highly liquid current financial assets with the original maturity of up to three months, which are readily convertible into specific cash amounts and subject to an insignificant risk of fluctuation in value. This item also includes amounts deposited in VAT split payment accounts.
Cash and cash equivalents are tested for impairment using individual analysis based on an assessment of the creditworthiness of the financial institutions they are deposited with, in accordance with the expected loss model.
| 2021 | 2020 | |
| Cash at banks | 4,096 | 1,383 |
| Bank deposits | 3,828 | 4,753 |
| Other cash | 3,490 | 964 |
| Total gross carrying amount | 11,414 | 7,100 |
| Impairment loss | (4) | (2) |
| Total net carrying amount | 11,410 | 7,098 |
| including restricted cash | 4,300 | 1,208 |
The Group classifies the following as cash equivalents: commercial bills, treasury bills, NBP bills, certificates of deposit, cash in transit, cheques and third-party notes maturing in less than three months. Risks associated with cash and cash equivalents include the credit risk, foreign exchange risk, and interest rate risk. For detailed information on these risks, see Note 7.3.